EAGLE is a scriptable electronic design automation (EDA) application with schematic capture, printed circuit board (PCB) layout, auto-router and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) features. EAGLE stands for Easily Applicable Graphical Layout Editor (German: Einfach Anzuwendender Grafischer Layout-Editor) and is developed by CadSoft Computer GmbH. The company was acquired by Autodesk Inc. in 2016.^[2]

Features[edit]

EAGLE contains a schematic editor, for designing circuit diagrams. Schematics are stored in files with .SCH extension, parts are defined in device libraries with .LBR extension. Parts can be placed on many sheets and connected together through ports.

The PCB layout editor stores board files with the extension .BRD. It allows back-annotation to the schematic and auto-routing to automatically connect traces based on the connections defined in the schematic.

EAGLE saves Gerber and PostScript layout files as well as Excellon and Sieb & Meyer drill files. These are standard file formats accepted by PCB fabrication companies, but given EAGLE's typical user base of small design firms and hobbyists, many PCB fabricators and assembly shops also accept EAGLE board files (with extension .BRD) directly to export optimized production files and pick-and-place data themselves.

EAGLE provides a multi-window graphical user interface and menu system for editing, project management and to customize the interface and design parameters. The system can be controlled via mouse, keyboard hotkeys or by entering specific commands at an embedded command line. Multiple repeating commands can be combined into script files (with file extension .SCR). It is also possible to explore design files utilizing an EAGLE-specific object-oriented programming language (with extension .ULP).

History[edit]

The German CadSoft Computer GmbH was founded by Rudolf Hofer and Klaus-Peter Schmidinger in 1988 to develop EAGLE,^[3][4][5][6] a 16-bit PCB design application for DOS. Originally, the software consisted of a layout editor with part libraries only. An auto-router module became available as optional component later on. With EAGLE 2.0 a schematics editor was added in 1991.^[7] The software used BGI video drivers, and XPLOT to print.^[7] In 1992, version 2.6 changed the definition of layers, but designs created under older versions (up to 2.05) could be converted into the new format using the provided UPDATE26.EXE utility.

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EAGLE 3.0 was changed to be a 32-bit extended DOS application in 1994.

Support for OS/2Presentation Manager was added with version 3.5 in April 1996. This version also introduced multi-window support with forward-/backward-annotation, user-definable copper areas, and a built-in programming language with ULPs. It was also the first to no longer require a dongle.

In 2000 EAGLE version 4.0 officially dropped support for DOS and OS/2, but now being based on Qt 3^[8][9] it added native support for Windows and was among the first professional electronic CAD tools available for Linux.^[10] A 32-bit DPMI version of EAGLE 4.0 running under DOS was still available on special request in order to help support existing customers, but it was not released commercially. Much later in 2015, a special version of EAGLE 4.09r2 was made available by CadSoft to ease installation under Windows 7.

Starting with version 4.13, EAGLE became available for Mac OS X, with versions before 5.0.0 still requiring X11. Version 5.0.0 officially dropped support for Windows 9x and Windows NT 3.x/4.x. This version was based on Qt 4^[11][12] and introduced user-definable attributes.

On 24 September 2009, Premier Farnell announced the acquisition of CadSoft Computer GmbH.^[13][4]

Version 5.91.0 introduced an XML-based file format in 2011 but continued to read the older binary format. It could not, however, write files in the former format, thereby not allowing collaboration with EAGLE 5.12.0 and earlier. EAGLE 6.0.0 no longer supported Mac OS X on the Power PC platform (only on Intel Macs), and the minimum requirements were changed to Mac OS X 10.6, Linux 2.6 and Windows XP. This version also introduced support for assembly variants and differential pair routing with length matching and automatic meandering.

Version 7.0.0 brought hierarchical designs, a new gridless topological pre-router called 'TopRouter' for the conventional ripup-and-retry auto-router as well as multi-core support.^[14] Version 7.3.0 introduced native 64-bit versions for all three platforms in 2015. Version 7.6.0 dropped support for the 32-bit Mac OS X version in 2016. EAGLE 6.x.x continues to read EAGLE 7.x.x design files for as long as the hierarchical design feature isn't used.^[14]

On 27 June 2016, Autodesk announced the acquisition of CadSoft Computer GmbH from Premier Farnell, with Premier Farnell continuing to distribute CadSoft products for Autodesk.^[15] Autodesk changed the license to a subscription-only model starting with version 8.0.0 in 2017. Only 64-bit versions remain available any more. The file format used by EAGLE 8.0.0 and higher is not backward compatible with earlier EAGLE versions.

License model[edit]

Since EAGLE version 8.0.0, there are Premium, Standard, Free, and Student & educator editions, with the Standard and Premium versions sold on a monthly or annual subscription basis, requiring online reactivation at least every 14 days (30 days since version 9.0).

Comparison of features for the various available editions:^[16][17]

For comparison, the former (no longer obtainable) perpetual licensing scheme for EAGLE 7.x.x with costs referring to the 2016 prices for a single-user license:^[18]

Community[edit]

A large group of textual and video tutorials exists for beginners to design their own PCBs.^[19]

The DIY electronics site SparkFun uses EAGLE and releases the EAGLE files for boards designed in-house. SparkFun Electronics^[20] is a company that has grown due to the hobbyist market exemplified by Make magazine and others. Many of these companies offer EAGLE part libraries^[21] which define schematic shapes, pinouts, and part sizes to allow for correct layout in the PCB layout editor.

Other popular libraries include Adafruit,^[22]Arduino,^[23] SnapEDA,^[24] and Dangerous Prototypes,^[25]element14 (a subsidiary of Farnell, former owners of CadSoft) also have some libraries available from their site.^[26]

Using ULPs to convert EAGLE .BRD files into Specctra-compatible design files (with file extension .DSN) it is possible to export designs for usage in conjunction with advanced external autorouters such as KONEKT ELECTRA,^[27]Eremex TopoR^[28] or Alfons Wirtz's FreeRouting.^[29] For further touching-up the finished designs in session format can be imported back into EAGLE via .SES to .SCR script file converters.

Controversies[edit]

In spring 1991 the dongle protection scheme of EAGLE 2.0 had been cracked causing a decline of 30% in sales, while sales for a reduced demo version with a printed manual saw a significant increase.^[3] As a consequence in 1992 CadSoft sent thousands of floppy disks containing a new demo of EAGLE 2.6 to potential users, in particular those who had ordered the former demo but had not subsequently bought the full product.^[3] The new demo, however, also contained spy code scanning the user's hard disk for illegal copies of EAGLE.^[3] If the program found traces of such, it would show a message indicating that the user was entitled to order a free printed manual using the displayed special order code, which, however, was actually a number encoding the evidence found on the user's machine.^[3] Users sending in the filled out form would receive a reply from CadSoft's attorneys.^[3][30] The act of spying, however, was illegal as well by German law.^[3][30]

In 2014, EAGLE 7.0.0 introduced a new FlexeraFLEXlm-based licensing model, which wasn't well received by the user community, so that CadSoft returned to the former model of independent perpetual licenses with EAGLE 7.1.0.

Despite announcements to the contrary in 2016, Autodesk switched to a subscription-only licensing model with EAGLE 8.0.0 in January 2017.^[31][32] Without an online connection to a licensing server to verify the licensing status every two weeks (four weeks since version 9.0.0), the software would fall back to the functionality of the freeware version.^[31][32] This caused an uproar in the user community, in particular among those who work in secure or remote environments without direct internet access and users for whom it is mandantory to be able to gain full access to their designs even after extended periods of time (several years up to decades) without depending on third-parties such as Autodesk to allow reactivation (who may no longer be around or support the product by then). Many users have indicated they would refuse to upgrade under a subscription model and rather migrate to other electronic design applications such as KiCad.^[31][32]

See also[edit]

• Video Disk Recorder (VDR) – another software written by Klaus Schmidinger

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abadmin (2019-04-24). 'RELEASE NOTES - Autodesk EAGLE version 9.4.0' (in English and German). Autodesk. Archived from the original on 2019-04-28. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
2. ^'Sale of CadSoft'.
3. ^ ^abcdefg'Trojanisches Pferd' [Trojan horse]. Der Spiegel (in German). SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG (36): 238, 242. 1992-08-31. Archived from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-09-18.[1]
4. ^ ^abGoldbacher, Alfred (2009-10-02). 'CadSoft: Wie es weitergehen soll' (in German). ElektronikNet. Archived from the original on 2017-09-17. Retrieved 2017-09-17.
5. ^Kuther, Margit (2013-11-25). 'PCB-Design: Wie wichtig sind Communities für PCB-Entwickler?'. Elektronik Praxis (in German). Archived from the original on 2017-09-17. Retrieved 2017-09-17.
6. ^Siering, Peter (2015-02-19). 'Seiner Zeit voraus: Klaus Schmidingers Video Disk Recorder VDR' (in German). Heise online. Archived from the original on 2017-09-20. Retrieved 2017-09-20.
7. ^ ^ab'Unterschiede zwischen EAGLE 1.3 und EAGLE 2.0' [Differences between EAGLE 1.3 and EAGLE 2.0]. EAGLE-Handbuch [EAGLE manual] (in German). CadSoft Computer. 1991. p. A-14.
8. ^Schmidinger, Klaus (2001-10-03). 'Change Font nochmals'. eagle.betatest (in German). Archived from the original on 2017-10-05. Retrieved 2017-10-05.
9. ^Schmidinger, Klaus (2003-05-08). 'Abgeschnittenes §-Zeichen'. eagle.betatest (in German). Archived from the original on 2017-10-05. Retrieved 2017-10-05.
10. ^Dölle, Mirko (September 2004). 'Schwer auf Draht - Platinen-Layout-Programme Eagle Version 4.11 für Linux'. LinuxUser (in German). Archived from the original on 2017-09-20. Retrieved 2017-09-20.
11. ^Schmidinger, Klaus (2007-09-24). 'EAGLE 4.9'. eagle.betatest. Archived from the original on 2017-10-05. Retrieved 2017-10-05.
12. ^'Was ist neu in Version 5?'. CadSoft online (in German). CadSoft Computer GmbH. 2011. Version 5.10. Archived from the original on 2017-10-05. Retrieved 2017-10-05.
13. ^Green, Harriet; Whiteling, Mark (2009-09-24). 'Acquisition of CadSoft Computer GmbH'. Premier Farnell plc. Archived from the original on 2017-09-17. Retrieved 2017-09-17.
14. ^ ^abGoldbacher, Alfred (2014-10-01). 'Leiterplatten-Design-Software Eagle: Version 7 des Adlers ist gelandet' (in German). ElektronikNet. Archived from the original on 2017-09-22. Retrieved 2017-09-22.
15. ^Buetow, Mike (2016-06-27). 'Autodesk Acquires Eagle from Cadsoft'. Printed Circuit Design & Fab. UP Media Group Inc. Archived from the original on 2017-09-17. Retrieved 2017-09-17.
16. ^'Buy Autodesk EAGLE'. Autodesk. Retrieved 2017-02-17.
17. ^'Eagle education or student version'. Autodesk. Retrieved 2017-02-17.
18. ^'Find a plan that fits your needs'. CADSOFT EAGLE. Archived from the original on 2016-08-04. Retrieved 2016-08-04.
19. ^'Turn Your EAGLE Schematic into a PCB'. Instructables.
20. ^Seidle, Nathan (2008-06-19). 'Lecture 8 - EAGLE: Schematics'. SparkFun. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
21. ^'Sparkfun Eagle Library'.
22. ^'Adafruit library github page'. 2018. Retrieved 2018-10-14.
23. ^'Arduino FAQ'.
24. ^'SnapEDA Website'.
25. ^'Dangerous Prototypes library'.
26. ^'Element 14 EAGLE CAD Libraries'.
27. ^'KONEKT Shape Based PCB Autorouting - ELECTRA PCB AutoRouting'. KONEKT. 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-09-24. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
28. ^'TopoR Version History - What's New in TopoR version 6.2'. Eremex. 2017-09-24. Archived from the original on 2017-09-24. Retrieved 2017-09-24. (NB. Includes a list of new features since TopoR 3.0. TopoR 5.4.14203 (2012-12-21) introduced support for EAGLE: 'The Eagle BRD plain-text format is now supported. This format is used by files created in the Eagle 6.0 system.'. Improved in TopoR 5.4.14362 (2013-07-02): 'During import of Eagle BRD-files: in some cases the angle of rotation of pads was disregarded, in some cases the vias’ pad size was assigned incorrectly, sometimes the wires on the inner layers were disappearing.')
29. ^Wirtz, Alfons (2014-03-08) [2004]. 'FreeRouting - Printed Circuit Board Routing Software from FreeRouting.net'. Archived from the original on 2017-09-24. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
30. ^ ^abMöcke, Frank (1992). 'CadSoft rächt sich an Raubkopierern - Adressen aus bestem Hause'. c't - magazin für computertechnik (in German) (10): 16. Archived from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
31. ^ ^abcEvenchick, Eric (2017-01-19). 'Autodesk Moves EAGLE to Subscription Only Pricing'. HACKADAY. Archived from the original on 2017-09-19. Retrieved 2017-09-19.
32. ^ ^abcGrannemann, Kathrin (2017-01-24). 'Autodesk Eagle: PCB-Software künftig nur im Abonnement'. Make: (in German). Media Maker GmbH. Heise ID -3605890. Archived from the original on 2017-09-19. Retrieved 2017-09-19.

Further reading[edit]

• Monk, Simon (2014-06-12). Make Your Own PCBs with EAGLE: From Schematic Designs to Finished Boards (1 ed.). McGraw-Hill Education / TAB Electronics. ISBN978-007181925-1.
• Scarpino, Matthew (2014-04-01). Designing Circuit Boards with EAGLE - Make High-Quality PCBs at Low Cost (1 ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN978-013381999-1.
• Duncan, Mitchell (2013). Eagle V6: Getting Started Guide - Learning to fly with EAGLE (1 ed.). Elektor-Verlag GmbH. ISBN978-190792020-2.
• Williams, Al (2003-10-15). Build Your Own Printed Circuit Board - Design to Production - Everything You Need to Make Your Own PCBs (1 ed.). McGraw-Hill Education / TAB Books. ISBN978-0-07-142783-8.
• Edwards, Lewin A. R. W. (2003). Embedded System Design on a Shoestring - Achieving High Performance with a Limited Budget. Newnes. ISBN978-0-7506-7609-0. (NB. Includes a copy of EAGLE 4.09r2.)

External links[edit]

• https://www.autodesk.com/products/eagle (Autodesk's EAGLE web support forums)
• news://news.cadsoft.de (CadSoft's EAGLE support newsgroups via NNTP)
• ftp://ftp.cadsoft.de/eagle/ (CadSoft's archive of old EAGLE versions)

Have you ever come across a situation where you prototyped a project on a solderless breadboard and liked it so much that you want it on a PCB? Well, read on!

So far we have been writing software programs, building binaries out of them and executing them on microcontrollers. It’s time to get physical now! This post, and a couple of upcoming posts will deal with this very thing – how to realize your project in hardware. We’ll deal with PCBs, and also learn how to design and fabricate them.

If you are an electronics hobbyist you might have probably designed many electronic circuits and even prototyped them on a breadboard. Now it’s time to step up to the next level. Let’s design the same on a PCB. This article and a couple more of them will be addressing the topic of PCB designing.

There are many types of circuits that you can design on a PCB – like analog, digital, RF – and the PCB layout may make-or-break the performance and working of the circuit. Your circuit may work as a prototype on a breadboard, but it might not work on a PCB. PCB designing is an art. While it may come naturally to some, it can be daunting even for experienced circuit designers. And this is why many companies hire PCB experts! You can find PCBs everywhere, all around you – inside computers, phones, power supply, watches, thermostats, cameras, automobiles, traffic lights, microwave oven, refrigerator – and they are increasing – which means PCB designers are in demand now, and will remain so for a while!

As a matter of fact, PCB designing is a creative and individual learning process. We can only teach the basics, but the technique will mature once you start working on more and more projects. To become an expert in PCB design, it takes a great deal of talent and knowledge to place components as close as possible without compromising the performance of the circuit.

The Early Days

In early days, before the PCB CAD systems even existed, the designers had to manually layout pads, tracks, etc. They also used techniques such as wire-wrap and point to point method for production. These methods needed a lot of patience and time. And if an error occurred, it used to take forever to debug.

With the advent of CAD software for PCB designing, those days are gone. Rejoice! These CAD software have simplified the design process beyond any imaginable level. The work which used to take hours previously can now be done in seconds! This has also brought the PCB design process to hobbyists which was earlier limited to professionals. We can now design and fabricate our own PCBs at home.

The Design Process

A Printed Circuit Board or PCB is thing which holds your entire project hardware together! It links and connects various electronic components together on a common physical platform. PCB design is a key process in the electronics industry because this process actually broadcasts the craftsmanship to production. One can call this process in technical terms as designing of tracks & pads, realizing the PCB and fabrication of various electronic components on the board.

A PCB without any components soldered (Source: http://www.ece.illinois.edu/eshop/pcbdesign/)

Although PCB fabrication is a costlier process, but due to mass production through automated process, the overall cost of the product decreases. The major advantage, apart from the cost of fabrication and reduced complexity, is the final product is professional, well finished and the performance of the system increases.

Design Standards

There are industry standards for almost every aspect of PCB design which are set and controlled by IPC (formerly known as Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits). There is a standard for everything from designing to manufacturing to testing and to anything else you would need. Many countries also have their own local standards for PCB design, but the ones by IPC are accepted as industry standard around the world.

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There are many CAD packages available for free as well as for a premium such as Cadsoft EAGLE, Altium Designer, NI Ultiboard, ExpressPCB, Mentor Graphics PADS, etc. In the upcoming tutorials, we are going to discuss and learn how to use Cadsoft EAGLE PCB CAD package. We prefer it because it has a clean and easy to understand interface, the right tools and a large component library. In fact, it is ideal for both professionals and hobbyists. We are going to design the PCB layout for an IR proximity sensor circuit.

EAGLE, an acronym for Easily Applicable Graphical Layout Editor, is a design software by Cadsoft Computers. It is widely used by educationalists, students, hobbyists and professionals because of its rich yet simple interface with large component library cross-platform support on Windows, Mac and Linux too! Since windows is the widely used OS, the inclination of this tutorial will be towards EAGLE on a Windows computer, but don’t worry there is almost no difference on a Mac or Linux. PCB designing is like maturing wine, the more you practice the better you will be at designing professional level PCBs.

PCB designing using EAGLE requires the learning of a lot of processes hence this tutorial is divided into 4 parts:

1. Designing layouts using Board Layout Designer (using auto-router, for professional version)
2. Designing your own components and custom library

The light and freeware versions lack some features but they are equipped enough to handle small scale projects. You can get your free copy of eagle at http://www.cadsoftusa.com/download-eagle/

The first thing you see when you execute the EAGLE Software is the Control Panel. The Control Panel is like the root of every EAGLE operation be it schematic, library or board layout.

The control panel consists of the menu bar and the context menu, which is the tree list view of the files on the left namely libraries, design rules, ULP’s (User Language Programs), scripts, CAM jobs and projects. On the right you will get details about your EAGLE version or description about what you have selected. At the bottom you will find the directory of the selected file.

Below is the basic description of each of the list, more detailed explanation will be given when it required in the future parts:

The Menu Bar

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File – New, Open, Open recent projects, save all, Close Project and Exit

View – Refresh and Sort

Options – Directories, Backup, User Interface and Window positions

Directories: Allows to change the currently set directory for files, libraries, etc.

*EAGLE Auto Backup: EAGLE has an auto backup feature which by default updates files at a 5 minutes interval (from the last modification)

Backup: Allows you to change the auto backup features

User Interface: Allows user to edit GUI of the software like cursor size, text, background colour, etc.

Window Positions: Allows you to reset the windows arrangement in the software

Window – Control Panel

Help – General, Context, Control Panel, EAGLE License, Check for update and About EAGLE

The Context Menu

When you right click on any item in the control panel you will get a dropdown list with the any/all of the following options: New Folder, Edit Description, Rename, Copy, Use, Use all, Use none, New, Open and Open/Close Project. Most of the meanings of what these options do are implicit. The ones to which you are new are explained below:

Edit Description: Allows you to edit the description of the selected item using HTML editor, with live preview. A sample Image is shown below.

EAGLE Description Editor

Use/Use all/Use none: When you open the schematic editor or board layout you have access to the libraries, scripts, and cam jobs, but only those files are shown which have the ‘use’ option enabled. For example, if you only need some libraries to be shown in your schematic library, you first right click on the libraries list and select “use none”, then you open the libraries list, right click and click “use” corresponding to only those files which you need in you schematic library and similarly for other files. The “use” option is like enable/disable libraries.

The Projects List

At this stage, the projects list is the one which requires most attention. The projects list will be the one in which all your designs (called projects) will be stored. The project files directory by default is “My Documents > eagle” in Windows. When you open the projects list you will see a folder called “eagle” where all your projects will be listed. When you right click on the “eagle” folder you will get options as New Folder, New Project, etc. A project in eagle usually consists of schematic and board file, but it may also consist of dedicated libraries, scripts, ULPs and other files.

New Folder: Creates a new folder below the selected folder and puts the newly created tree item into Rename mode. Folders are to be used when you are working on big projects which consist of more than one PCBs or if you like organizing your stuff.

New Project: Creates a new project folder and puts the newly created tree item into rename mode.

Open/Close Project: When you create a new project you will see a green dot which indicates that the current project is active. If the project is completed you can close the project by right click and click on close project (or just double-click). If you want to open the project again you can do so by the same way and only one project can be open at a time others will automatically close.

That’s all for now folks! In part 2 of this tutorial, we’ll learn how to use EAGLE’s schematic editor. If you have any questions or suggestions, please drop in your comment below. We’ll be glad and encouraged to hear from you! :)

Meanwhile, don’t forget to subscribe to maxEmbedded to stay tuned! See you around soon!

Written by Soumil Heble and Prashant Agarwal
support@maxEmbedded.com